Lactation is necessary for both infant and fetal development in eutherians and marsupials, although marsupials have a far more complex milk repertoire that facilitates morphogenesis of developmentally immature small

Lactation is necessary for both infant and fetal development in eutherians and marsupials, although marsupials have a far more complex milk repertoire that facilitates morphogenesis of developmentally immature small. file made up of (1) All genes shared and uniquely expressed between tammar placenta, eutherian placenta, tammar mammary gland, and mouse mammary gland (analyzed groups highlighted) (2) Genes analyzed from placenta to liver and placenta to testis comparisons (3) GO terms for Piragliatin genes shared between tammar placenta, eutherian placenta, and tammar mammary gland (4) GO terms for genes shared between tammar placenta, eutherian placenta, and tammar liver (5) GO terms for genes shared between tammar placenta, eutherian placenta, and tammar testis (6) GO terms for genes shared only by eutherian placenta and tammar mammary gland (7) GO terms for genes shared only by eutherian placenta and tammar liver (8) GO terms for genes shared only by eutherian placenta and tammar testis. GO terms discussed in the manuscript are highlighted in yellow.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.27450.014 elife-27450-supp3.xlsx (416K) DOI:?10.7554/eLife.27450.014 Abstract Eutherians are often mistakenly termed placental mammals, but marsupials also have a placenta to mediate early embryonic development. Lactation is necessary for both infant and fetal development in eutherians and marsupials, although marsupials have a far more complex milk repertoire that facilitates morphogenesis of developmentally immature young. Piragliatin In this study, we demonstrate that this anatomically simple tammar placenta expresses a dynamic molecular program that is reminiscent of eutherian placentation, including both fetal and maternal signals. Further, we provide evidence that genes facilitating fetal development and nutrient transport display convergent co-option by placental and mammary gland cell types to optimize offspring success. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.27450.001 (Anson-Cartwright et al., 2000), users of the signaling pathway (Reik et al., 2003), many placental (Gauster et al., 2013), (Parr et al., 2001)(Hughes et al., 2004)(Schulte et al., 1996), and (Koch et al., 2012). (Mason, 2008) and (Kaiserman et al., 2002) a class of proteases and protease inhibitors respectively, which are important for mediating maternal fetal interactions were also present (Hannibal and Baker, 2016). We also found markers of the maternal decidua such as (Lynch Piragliatin et al., 2011) and (Can et al., 1995). Additionally, the tammar and mouse placentas share the expression was imprinted in the tammar mammary gland (Stringer et al., 2012, 2014), a phenomenon previously determined to be essential for proper growth and development of the eutherian placenta (Reik et al., 2003). This suggests that the tammar mammary gland may indeed express comparable transcripts as the placenta. To identify any conservation of function between organ systems, we first performed transcriptome sequencing using 3SEQ on tammar mammary glands during early lactation periods (days 36, 60, and 95). We next compared the mammary gland transcriptomes with the transcriptomes of tammar placenta, tammar liver, tammar testis, mouse placenta, mouse liver, mouse testis, and mouse mammary gland. After rating the expression of shared transcripts Piragliatin and calculating pairwise Spearman correlations, several findings stand out. First, we find that this tammar and mouse placenta share the highest correlation of any cross-species organ pair (Physique 5figure product 1), confirming the high degree of molecular similarity between the eutherian and tammar placenta that we found using immunofluorescence (Physique 3). Second, although less so than the placenta, the tammar mammary gland shows the PROM1 highest correlation with the mouse mammary gland when compared to any other mouse tissue, highlighting some functional conservation in this organ. Among those genes with conserved expression in mammary glands, we found (Chiu and Chen, 2016) and (Tanaka et al., 1997), transcription factors known to be essential for placentation in mice. Immunofluorescence in tammar mammary gland at day 60 of lactation finds GATA3 in the alveoli (Physique 5B). This pattern of expression is reminiscent of GATA3 expression in the mouse mammary gland (Tlsty, 2007), suggesting an Piragliatin ancestral role of GATA3.